The rapidmixing characteristics of a flocculation basin are investigated using highperformance computational models rapid mixing rapid mixing the rapidmixing characteristics of a flocculation basin are investigated using highperformance computational models rapid mixing civl 1112 water treatment coagulation and flocculation 47. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Then, these big flocs were allowed to settle down for a couple of hours by the force of gravitation. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Enhancing contaminant removal in stormwater detention basins. Its used in the first stage of solidsliquids separation. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. This can take place spontaneously or may be brought about by adding clarifying agents. These steps are fundamental to water treatment 2,3, since they make the removal of colloidal particles possible by destabilizing. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. The size and structural characteristics of floc particles are important design and control parameters in water treatment and should be rapidly.
Both these techniques are employed in the treatment of water. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Optimization of coagulationflocculation parameters using a. The particles gather together to form larger particles in the flocculation process see figure. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. In this study, effectiveness of ferric chloride addition to treatment process during the. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the. Pdf coagulationflocculation process for produced water.
When pieces of floc clump together, they may form larger, heavier. Since each water from different source will have its own material content, people always try to find the optimal dosage of coagulant according to both economic and efficient aspects. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Coagulation and floculation describe the chemical process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersion colloids form largersize cluster flocs or flakes allowing them to be more easely removed from water e. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles.
All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Oct 23, 2017 flocculation is a process in chemistry wherein colloids are extracted from suspensions which then take the form of flake or floc. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331. Flocculation brings the deestablished colloidal particles together and they form large aggregates. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in suspension, the temperature, ph, chemical. Thus, we can understand the process of coagulation and flocculation with the help of examples derived from water treatment techniques. Difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation. Flocculation is the process of creating conditions for particulates to come together to form flocs of solids and then settle in treated water. Sweep flocculation is the primary mechanism used for drinking water treatment and will be the focus of this lesson. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the waters end use. The coagulation flocculation processes facilitate the removal of suspended and colloidal particles. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation flocculation is used widely during water or wastewater treatment.
Coagulation and flocculation involves the removal of suspended solids and turbidity from water to prepare it for use or for further treatment. Apr 27, 2016 coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.
Coagulationflocculation sswm find tools for sustainable. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. Modeling and optimization of new flocculant dosage and ph for flocculation. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. It is an integral treatment step in the surface or underground waters. This article dis cusses some of the salient points about flocculants. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally.
If the turbidity and colour of the raw water are not much higher than is permissible for drinking water, it should be possible to avoid chemical coagulation in the treatment of the water. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to attract to one another and form larger. Hence, it can be concluded that sago and chitin can be used for treating water even with large seasonal variation in turbidity. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. Sweep flocculation occurs with the addition of iron or aluminum, usually added as ferric sulfate or aluminum sulfate, which can easily dissolve into the water. Rapid mixing of the water and coagulant is important to ensure thorough and even distribution. Analysis and optimization of coagulation and flocculation process.
This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulation flocculation process in the removal of trace. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation and flocculation are designed to remove infectious agents, remove toxic compounds that have adsorbed to the surface of particles, remove precursors to the formation of disinfection byproducts, and make the water palatable. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation.
This step typically uses the difference in density between the water and the suspended material for separation. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Removal of precipitates coagulation rapid chemical mix destabilization of suspended particles flocculation slow mix particle collision and growth settling removal of settleable solids. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. This volume details the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of surfactants and polymers on solids, as well as coagulation and flocculation mechanisms demonstrating the applicability of the newest theoretical approaches on practical systemswritten by over 15 international experts in the field, coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Zawawi et al 2015 studied the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for eliminating suspended solid ss, cod,color and oil and grease from biodiesel wastewater 14. Other costs can arise from the need of a system to periodically remove and dispose of the sediment. Ramavandi, 2014 ramavandi, 2014evaluated the coagulation potential of fcefecl3inducedcrudeextract obtained. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification.
Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. Further suspended matter in the water is then attracted to the flocs. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation flocculation process has been employed by several workers sletten et al.
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